一、forms组件
利用下面一个注册新用户的示例,来学习forms表单组件的功能。
1、校验字段功能
模型:models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models. CharField(max_length=32) tel = models.CharField(max_length=32)
模板:register.html
Title
视图函数:view.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from django import forms from django.forms import widgets from app01.models import UserInfo wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={ "class":"form-control"}) wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={ "class":"form-control"}) class UserForm(forms.Form): # 定义一个forms组件类 name=forms.CharField(max_length=32, widget=wid_01) pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02) r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02) email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01) tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01) def register(request): if request.method=="POST": form=UserForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值 UserInfo.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data) else: print(form.cleaned_data) # {"字段1":"值1","字段2":"值2"} print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]} print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",] return render(request,"register.html",locals()) form=UserForm() return render(request,"register.html",locals())
2、渲染标签功能
方式一(不常用,不够灵活):
方式二:
方式三(for循环遍历,常用):
3、显示错误与重置输入信息功能
模板:register.html
4、局部钩子与全局钩子
视图:views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from django import forms from django.forms import widgets from app01.models import UserInfo wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={ "class":"form-control"}) wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={ "class":"form-control"}) class UserForm(forms.Form): # 定义一个forms组件类 name=forms.CharField(max_length=32, widget=wid_01) pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02) r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02) email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01) tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01) # 局部钩子 def clean_name(self): val=self.cleaned_data.get("name") if not val.isdigit(): return val else: raise ValidationError("用户名不能是纯数字!") # 全局钩子 def clean(self): pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("pwd") r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd") if pwd and r_pwd: if pwd==r_pwd: return self.cleaned_data else: raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致!') else: return self.cleaned_data def register(request): if request.method=="POST": form=UserForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值 UserInfo.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data) else: print(form.cleaned_data) # {"字段1":"值1","字段2":"值2"} print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]} print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",] clean_error=form.errors.get("__all__") return render(request,"register.html",locals()) form=UserForm() return render(request,"register.html",locals())